浙大11春学期《普通语言学》在线作业

三,判断题
1. Deletion rule (省略规则)---- it tells us when a sound is to be deleted although it is orthographically represented,
A. 错误
B. 正确
  
2. Phonology aims to discover how speech sounds in a language form patterns and how these sounds are used to convey meaning in linguistic uncommunication.
A. 错误
B. 正确
  
3. Deletion rule (省略规则)---- it tells us when a sound is to be deleted although it is not orthographically represented,
A. 错误
B. 正确
  
4. Whether a sentence is semantically meaningful is governed by rules called selectional restrictions.
A. 错误
B. 正确
  
5. Synonymy refers to the sameness or close similarity of meaning. Words that are not close in meaning are called synonyms.
A. 错误
B. 正确
  
6. Parole refers to the realization of langue in unactual use.
A. 错误
B. 正确
  
7. The perloutionary act (言后行为) ----an act performed as a result of saying something: by saying X and doing Y, I did Z
A. 错误
B. 正确
  
8. Modifiers specify optionally expressible properties of heads.
A. 错误
B. 正确
  
9. Tones are pitch variations,which are not caused by the differing rates of vibration of the vocal cords.
A. 错误
B. 正确
  
10. Language is a unpurely human and non-instinctive method of communicating ideas, emotions and desires by means of voluntarily produced symbols.
A. 错误
B. 正确
  
11. Gradable antonyms ----there are often intermediate forms between the two members of a pair,
A. 错误
B. 正确
  
12. a phone is not a phonetic unit or segment.
A. 错误
B. 正确
  
13. Deep structure----corresponding to the final syntactic form of the sentence which results from appropriate transformations; it is that of the sentence as it is pronounced or written.
A. 错误
B. 正确
  
14. a phone is a phonetic unit or segment.
A. 错误
B. 正确
  
15. Arbitrariness is logical (motivated or intrinsic) connection between sounds and meanings.
A. 错误
B. 正确
  
16. Complementary distribution (互补分布)----allophones of the same phoneme are not in complementary distribution. They do not distinguish meaning.
A. 错误
B. 正确
  
17. Complements themselves can be a phrase, they provide information abut entities and locations whose existence is implied by the meaning of the head
A. 错误
B. 正确
  
18. The meaning of an utterance is based on the sentence meaning
A. 错误
B. 正确
  
19. Meaning is not central to the study of communication.
A. 错误
B. 正确
  
20. Componential analysis---- a way to analyze lexical meaning.
A. 错误
B. 正确
  
21. Speech isnot the primary medium of language
A. 错误
B. 正确
  
22. Polysemy----the same one word may have only one meaning
A. 错误
B. 正确
  
23. Phonetics is of general nature; it is not interested in all the speech sounds used in all human languages; it aims to answer questions like: how they are produced, how they differ from each other, what phonetic features they have, how they can be classifi
  
24. The symbol or a word signifies things by virtue of the concept associated with the form of the word in the minds of the speaker
A. 错误
B. 正确
  
25. Phonetics is of general nature; it is interested in all the speech sounds used in all human languages; it aims to answer questions like: how they are produced, how they differ from each other, what phonetic features they have, how they can be classified,
  
26. describe/analyze linguistic facts observed or language people unactually use called descriptive.
A. 错误
B. 正确
  
27. Gradable antonyms ----there are often not intermediate forms between the two members of a pair,
A. 错误
B. 正确
  
28. The locutionary act (言内行为) ----an act of saying something, i.e. an act of making a meaningful utterance
A. 错误
B. 正确
  
29. Open class words----content words of a language to which we can regularly add new words
A. 错误
B. 正确
  
30. Competence is the ideal user’s knowledge of the rules of his language
A. 错误
B. 正确
  
31. Language is a purely human and non-instinctive method of communicating ideas, emotions and desires by means of voluntarily produced symbols.
A. 错误
B. 正确
  
32. Synonymy refers to the sameness or close similarity of meaning. Words that are close in meaning are called synonyms.
A. 错误
B. 正确
  
33. Context---- a basic concept in the study of pragmatics. It is generally considered as constituted knowledge shared by the speaker and the hearer, such as cultural background, situation(time, place, manner, etc.), the relationship between the speaker and t
  
34. Synonyms that differ in their emotive or evaluative meaning,
A. 错误
B. 正确
  
35. Allophones(变体) ---- the phones that can represent a phoneme in same phonetic environments.
A. 错误
B. 正确
  
36. Phonolinguistics relates the study of language to psychology.
A. 错误
B. 正确
  
37. Morphology refers to the study of the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed.
A. 错误
B. 正确
  
38. According to Austin’s new model, a speaker might be performing three acts simultaneously when speaking: locutionary act, illocutionary act and perlocutionary act
A. 错误
B. 正确
  
39. utterance meaning is not richer than sentence meaning
A. 错误
B. 正确
  
40. Tones are pitch variations,which are caused by the differing rates of vibration of the vocal cords.
A. 错误
B. 正确
   

一,单选题
1. ( ) morpheme is a morpheme that contributes to the lexical meaning of the word.
A. Functional
B. Lexical
C. Grammatical
D. Performative
  
2. ( ) refers to the perceived regularity of prominent units in speech.
A. Loudness
B. Rhythm
C. Tempo
D. Tone
  
3. （ ） is treated as the basic unit of meaning.
A. Word
B. Sentence
C. Phoneme
D. Morpheme
  
4. ( ) is a minimal unit which is formally composed of meaningless linguistic symbols at the lower level of the language
A. Phoneme
B. Stress
C. Tempo
D. Morpheme
  
5. ( ) is the bit of spoken or written language that is produced and sent to the receiver in a specific context.
A. Word
B. Sentence
C. Utterance
D. Morpheme
  
6. ( ) is the study of the structure and the formation of words in language.
A. Phonetics
B. Phonology
C. Morphology
D. Dialectology
  
7. ( ) are a group of words and expressions that refer to the personal, temporal or spatial characteristics of the context within which a text is produced.
A. Nouns
B. Adjectives
C. Verbs
D. Deictics
  
8. Language has （ ） that distinguish it from other semiotic systems used by humans and animals.
A. function
B. design features
C. importance
D. performance
  
9. （ ）is a morphological variant of morpheme.
A. Allomorph
B. Word
C. Segment
D. Morph
  
二,多选题
1. Two branches in phonology are:
A. segmental phonology
B. microphonology
C. macrophonology
D. suprasegmental phonology